數(shu)(shu)控(kong)銑(xian)床加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝是以普通銑(xian)床的(de)(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝為(wei)基(ji)礎(chu)，結合(he)數(shu)(shu)控(kong)銑(xian)床的(de)(de)(de)特點(dian)，綜合(he)運用多方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)知識解決數(shu)(shu)控(kong)銑(xian)床加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)過程中面臨的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝問題(ti)，其內容包括金屬(shu)切削原理(li)與刀具、加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝、典型零件加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)及工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝性分析等方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)知識和基(ji)本(ben)理(li)論(lun)。本(ben)章的(de)(de)(de)宗旨在于從(cong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)程實際操作應用的(de)(de)(de)角度，介紹數(shu)(shu)控(kong)銑(xian)床加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝所涉及的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎(chu)知識和基(ji)本(ben)原則，以便于讀者在操作實訓(xun)過程中科學、合(he)理(li)地設計加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)藝，充(chong)分發揮(hui)數(shu)(shu)控(kong)銑(xian)床的(de)(de)(de)特點(dian)，實現(xian)數(shu)(shu)控(kong)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)中的(de)(de)(de)優質、高產、低耗(hao)。

   數(shu)控(kong)銑床加工的主要對象

  數(shu)控銑(xian)(xian)削(xue)(xue)(xue)是機械加(jia)(jia)工(gong)中最常用和(he)最主要(yao)的數(shu)控加(jia)(jia)工(gong)方(fang)法之一，它除了能(neng)銑(xian)(xian)削(xue)(xue)(xue)普(pu)通銑(xian)(xian)床(chuang)所能(neng)銑(xian)(xian)削(xue)(xue)(xue)的各種(zhong)零件表面外，還能(neng)銑(xian)(xian)削(xue)(xue)(xue)普(pu)通銑(xian)(xian)床(chuang)不能(neng)銑(xian)(xian)削(xue)(xue)(xue)的需要(yao)2~5坐(zuo)標(biao)聯動的各種(zhong)平面輪廓和(he)立體輪廓。根據數(shu)控銑(xian)(xian)床(chuang)的特點，從銑(xian)(xian)削(xue)(xue)(xue)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)角度考慮，適合數(shu)控銑(xian)(xian)削(xue)(xue)(xue)的主要(yao)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)對象(xiang)有以(yi)下幾類。

  （1）平面(mian)類(lei)零件

   加(jia)工(gong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)平(ping)行或(huo)垂(chui)直(zhi)于水平(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)，或(huo)加(jia)工(gong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)與水平(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)夾角為定角的(de)零件為平(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)類零（圖2-1）。目前在數控銑床(chuang)上加(jia)工(gong)的(de)大多數零件屬(shu)于平(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)類零件，其特點是(shi)各(ge)個加(jia)工(gong)面(mian)(mian)(mian)是(shi)平(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)，或(huo)可(ke)以(yi)展開(kai)成平(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)。如圖2-1中的(de)曲線輪廓(kuo)面(mian)(mian)(mian)M和正圓臺面(mian)(mian)(mian)N展開(kai)后均為平(ping)面(mian)(mian)(mian)。

  平(ping)面類零(ling)件(jian)是數控(kong)銑(xian)削(xue)加工中最簡單的(de)一類零(ling)件(jian)，一般(ban)只(zhi)需用三坐(zuo)標數控(kong)銑(xian)床的(de)兩坐(zuo)標聯動(dong)（即兩軸半坐(zuo)標聯動(dong)）就可以(yi)把它們加工出來。

                      

  （2）變斜角類零件(jian)

  加工面(mian)與水平面(mian)的夾(jia)角呈(cheng)連續(xu)變化的零件(jian)稱為變斜角零件(jian)，如圖2-2所示的飛機變斜角梁緣條。

   變斜角(jiao)類零件的變斜角(jiao)加工面(mian)不能展開(kai)為(wei)平面(mian)，但在加工中，加工面(mian)與銑刀(dao)圓周的瞬(shun)時接觸為(wei)一條線。最好采用(yong)四坐(zuo)標(biao)、五坐(zuo)標(biao)數控(kong)銑床擺(bai)角(jiao)加工，若沒有上述(shu)機床，也(ye)可(ke)采用(yong)三(san)坐(zuo)標(biao)數控(kong)銑床進行(xing)兩軸半近似(si)加工。

                        

  （3）曲面類零件

   廣西滑枕銑床表(biao)示(shi)加工面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)為(wei)空間曲(qu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)的(de)零(ling)件稱為(wei)曲(qu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)類零(ling)件，如模(mo)具、葉(xie)片、螺旋槳等。曲(qu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)類零(ling)件不能展開(kai)為(wei)平面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)。加工時，銑刀與加工面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)始終(zhong)為(wei)點接觸(chu)，一般采用球頭(tou)刀在三(san)軸數控銑床上加工。當曲(qu)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)較復雜、通道較狹窄、會傷及相鄰(lin)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)及需要刀具擺動時，要采用四坐(zuo)標或五坐(zuo)標銑床加工。

免責聲明：本(ben)文系編輯轉(zhuan)載(zai)，轉(zhuan)載(zai)目的僅在于傳遞更多信息(xi)。如果您認為我(wo)們的轉(zhuan)載(zai)違反了《著作權(quan)法(fa)》或(huo)損害了您的利益，請及時聯系我(wo)們，我(wo)們將第一時間處理。