桂林數控銑床是一種加工功能很強的(de)(de)數控機床，目(mu)前迅速發展起來的(de)(de)加工中心、柔性(xing)加工單元等都是在數控銑(xian)(xian)(xian)床、數控鏜床的(de)(de)基礎上產生的(de)(de)，兩者都離不開銑(xian)(xian)(xian)削方式(shi)。由于數控銑(xian)(xian)(xian)削工藝最復雜(za)，需(xu)要解(jie)決的(de)(de)技術問題也最多(duo)，因此，目(mu)前人們在研究(jiu)和開發數控系統及自動編(bian)程語言的(de)(de)軟件(jian)時(shi)，也一直(zhi)把(ba)銑(xian)(xian)(xian)削加工作為重點。

　　由于數(shu)控銑床配(pei)置的數(shu)控系統不同，使(shi)用的指令在定義(yi)和功(gong)能上有一定的差異，但其(qi)基本功(gong)能和編程方法還是相同的。

　　數控銑床的主要功(gong)和能(neng)編程(cheng)方(fang)法

　　(1)點(dian)位(wei)控制功(gong)能：數控銑床的點(dian)位(wei)控制主要用于工(gong)(gong)件的孔(kong)(kong)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)，如中心鉆(zhan)定位(wei)、鉆(zhan)孔(kong)(kong)、擴孔(kong)(kong)、锪孔(kong)(kong)、鉸孔(kong)(kong)和鏜孔(kong)(kong)等各種孔(kong)(kong)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)操作。

　　(2)連續(xu)控制功能：通過數控銑(xian)床的(de)直(zhi)線(xian)插(cha)補、圓(yuan)弧插(cha)補或復(fu)雜的(de)曲線(xian)插(cha)補運動，銑(xian)削加(jia)工工件的(de)平面和曲面。

　　(3)刀(dao)具(ju)(ju)半(ban)徑補償功能：如果直(zhi)接按(an)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)輪(lun)廓(kuo)線(xian)編程(cheng)，在(zai)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)內輪(lun)廓(kuo)時，實(shi)際(ji)輪(lun)廓(kuo)線(xian)將大了(le)一個(ge)刀(dao)具(ju)(ju)半(ban)徑值(zhi)；在(zai)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)外輪(lun)廓(kuo)時，實(shi)際(ji)輪(lun)廓(kuo)線(xian)又小了(le)一個(ge)刀(dao)具(ju)(ju)半(ban)徑值(zhi)。使用(yong)刀(dao)具(ju)(ju)半(ban)徑補償的(de)方法(fa)，數控系(xi)統自動計(ji)算刀(dao)具(ju)(ju)中心軌跡，使刀(dao)具(ju)(ju)中心偏離工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)輪(lun)廓(kuo)一個(ge)刀(dao)具(ju)(ju)半(ban)徑值(zhi)，從而加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)出符(fu)合圖紙要求的(de)輪(lun)廓(kuo)。利用(yong)刀(dao)具(ju)(ju)半(ban)徑補償的(de)功能，改變(bian)刀(dao)具(ju)(ju)半(ban)徑補償量，還可(ke)以(yi)補償刀(dao)具(ju)(ju)磨損量和(he)(he)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)誤差(cha)，實(shi)現對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)的(de)粗加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)(he)精加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。

　　(4)刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)長(chang)度補償功能(neng)：改變刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)長(chang)度的(de)(de)補償量，可以(yi)補償刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)換(huan)刀(dao)(dao)后的(de)(de)長(chang)度偏差值，還可以(yi)改變切(qie)削(xue)加工的(de)(de)平面位(wei)(wei)置，控制刀(dao)(dao)具(ju)的(de)(de)軸向定位(wei)(wei)精度。

　　(5)固(gu)定(ding)循(xun)環加工(gong)功能：應用固(gu)定(ding)循(xun)環加工(gong)指令，可以簡化加工(gong)程(cheng)序，減少(shao)編程(cheng)的工(gong)作量。

　　(6)子(zi)程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)功(gong)能(neng)：如果加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)形(xing)狀相同或相似(si)部分(fen)，把(ba)其(qi)編(bian)寫成(cheng)子(zi)程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)，由(you)主(zhu)程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)調用(yong)，這樣簡化(hua)程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)結構。引用(yong)子(zi)程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)的(de)功(gong)能(neng)使加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)模塊化(hua)，按加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)過程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)分(fen)成(cheng)若干個模塊，分(fen)別編(bian)寫成(cheng)子(zi)程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)，由(you)主(zhu)程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)調用(yong)，完成(cheng)對工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)件(jian)的(de)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)。這種模塊式(shi)的(de)程(cheng)(cheng)序(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)便于加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)調試，優化(hua)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝。

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